This lecture discusses the transition from ancient philosophical traditions, particularly focusing on St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, and their influence on Western thought. It explores the impact of Christianity on human nature and the societal structures during the Middle Ages, moving towards the Renaissance and early modern period where individualism and liberalism began to take root. The role of religion, especially within the context of human purpose and morality, is outlined, highlighting key philosophical debates and historical shifts leading up to the modern era.
